Soil microorganisms – bacteria, fungi and archaea – play a key role in maintaining ecosystem health and regulating climate. They are involved in the decomposition of organic matter, nutrient cycling and soil carbon storage. However, climate change is having a significant impact on the activity and composition of the microbiota, which in turn affects the ability of soils to serve as carbon reservoirs.
Research shows that extreme weather events such as droughts and floods can significantly alter the structure and function of soil microbial communities. For example, increases in soil temperature can accelerate decomposition of organic matter, leading to increased carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere . At the same time, certain groups of bacteria are able to adapt to dry conditions, remaining active and even thriving, which is important for the sustainability of ecosystems.
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Mycorrhizal fungi, which form symbiotic relationships with plant roots, also play an important role in soil carbon storage. They contribute to the formation of soil aggregates that physically protect organic carbon from decomposition . However, the effect of mycorrhizal fungi on carbon balance can vary depending on ecosystem and environmental conditions.
Understanding the interactions between soil microbiota and climatic factors is important for developing strategies for climate change mitigation and agricultural adaptation. Preserving and restoring healthy microbial communities can increase soil resilience to climate stresses and help reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Thus, the soil microbiota is an invisible but powerful ally in the fight against climate change. Integrating knowledge of soil microorganisms into land management practices can play a key role in ensuring a sustainable future for the planet.
